73 Surprising Details About How Much Farm Land Costs In Australia

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73 Unexpected Facts About How Much Is Farm Land In Australia | 6 Big Farming Industries In Australia

• Run-off caused by animal agriculture is devastating the Great Barrier Reef. In 2016, the Queensland Government bought Springvale cattle station in Far North Queensland. All cattle have been removed and degraded grazing land is being restored to help protect the reef from silt. - Source: Internet
• In Australia, most grazing land is owned by the state and leased to farmers. It is interesting to note that a condition of the lease is that the land must be stocked with farmed animals. The majority of income must come from grazing. Other uses, such as tourism, are not encouraged. In fact, the leaseholders of Wooleen had to wait one year for permission from the Pastoral Lands Board to remove stock from the property. - Source: Internet
• Environment Minister Steven Miles said steps will be taken to restore badly degraded grazing land on the property, which generated 460,000 tonnes of sediment run-off every year. The property was responsible for 40 per cent of sediment from gully erosion in the Normanby basin. He said eroded gullies could be “smoothed out” and planted to grass. - Source: Internet
• Until local funds are induced to fill the growing demand for investment in Australia’s agriculture, foreign investment will dominate. The history of investment in Australia suggests that there is little risk associated with inward foreign investment from Australia’s economic partners. But the concern about foreigners buying farm****land, and Chinese investment in particular, needs to be addressed even-handedly. It has been said that ‘if anything, foreign investment makes us more secure by giving other countries a vested interest in our continued economic success.’[81] We can have that security if the investment framework can regain widespread community support. - Source: Internet
• The Committee in its final report noted that the information emanating from the ABS report was inadequate for the purpose of generating public confidence in the reporting process. The Committee thus suggested that a ‘… national register for foreign ownership of agricultural land should be the primary mechanism for collecting and publishing information about foreign investment in Australian agriculture.’[64] - Source: Internet
• As the global population continues to grow, with the number of people in the world more than doubling between 1961 and 2016, there is greater demand for food. And the strain on land, which is a limited resource, has also grown. Global cropland area per capita decreased continuously over the period between 1961 and 2016: from about 0.45 hectare per capita in 1961 to 0.21 hectare per capita in 2016 (Figure 1, below). - Source: Internet
• Many jobs are being created in ‘ag-tech’, a sub-industry that is expected to be worth around $100 billion by 2030. Ag-tech involves using technological innovations to increase agricultural productivity and protect our food security. Some examples include using salinity sensors to monitor oyster farms, developing drones for targeted crop spraying, creating software to manage specific crops, and cultivating new strains of staple crops that can resist anticipated climate variations. The ag-tech industry includes many positions for engineers, chemists, computer scientists, and other degree-accredited professionals. - Source: Internet
• It begins with a description of how land is currently used for animal farming in Australia. It quantifies how much land is used and what types of land is used. As well as land used for grazing animals, it includes land used for production of animal feeds, such as fodder crops and crops for grain fed to farmed animals. - Source: Internet
• Total area of holding Australian owned farm****land Share of Aust. owned in each state and territory Partly or wholly foreign owned farm****land Share of foreign owned in each state and territory ha ha % ha % NSW 56,186,791 54,541,462 97 1,535,366 3 Vic. 12,245,136 12,059,345 98 99,480 1 Qld 138,706,282 122,336,948 88 16,327,665 12 SA 45,130,996 39,654,232 88 5,462,957 12 WA 84,657,317 77,377,205 91 7,202,663 9 Tas. 1,841,329 1,736,879 94 104,015 6 NT 59,223,472 45,101,528 76 14,121,936 24 Aust. 397,991,323 352,807,599 89 44,854,082 11 - Source: Internet
• La Trobe University in Melbourne has been restoring a large area of land which was previously used to graze sheep and for dairying. The 30 hectare La Trobe Wildlife Sanctuary was set up in 1967 as a project in the restoration and management of indigenous flora and fauna. Much of the restoration work is carried out by volunteers, who revegetate, weed, maintain the seed bank and manage biodiversity. Wetlands have been restored to the area. After revegetation has created nesting places, wildlife is returning to the area, although it can take up to 150 years for nesting hollows to be created naturally in old growth trees. - Source: Internet
• The area of the Australian continent is about 770 million hectares (Mha). Of this, 415 Mha (54%) are used to graze beef, sheep and dairy. In addition, 3 Mha are used for fodder crops to be fed to farmed animals and 4 Mha are used to grow grain to be fed to farmed animals (see Beyond Zero Emissions Land Use Report (BZE LUR) p154 and p169). This compares to the 29 Mha used to grow plant foods for humans (both domestic consumption and export). - Source: Internet
• In contrast to handling and processing operations, currently, in Australia, about 95 per cent of farms are family owned; despite adverse situations that effect regional Australia, such as droughts, floods and increasing salinity, these farms demonstrate a degree of resilience. However, in Australia, the most productive farms are largely commercial, non-family based farms.[78] The challenges facing Australian agriculture are thus to turn the family farms into more productive and commercially viable units. As Greg Mahony explains: - Source: Internet
• Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is crucial to the future wellbeing of Australia. As discussed in the Environment section, animal agriculture is the source of about half of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions and so removing animals from agriculture will go a long way to help Australia quickly reach its emissions reduction targets. In addition, the land that is currently used for grazing animals will be able to be revegetated and thus capture atmospheric carbon in vegetation and the soil. Sequestering carbon dioxide on their land could earn revenue for farmers and landholders, but this would depend on society as a whole contributing to pay for this service and ensuring they are paid fairly (BZE LUR p3). Since much of this carbon sequestration would occur in the arid extensive zone formerly used for grazing, it would be a useful added income to rural communities in remote areas. - Source: Internet
• The actual work of agriculture involves employees in five main categories: crop laborers and farm-workers, livestock labourers and farm-workers, agricultural equipment operators, and animal breeders. The fifth category includes farmers and agricultural managers, who are responsible for supervising, planning, transporting, and selling agricultural commodities. While workers in the first four categories often learn on the job, it’s not uncommon for farmers and agricultural managers to have studied things like business, agronomy, dairy science, agricultural economics, and so on. - Source: Internet
• Investors from the United Kingdom also have 2.4 per cent ownership interests in Australian land, followed by the Netherlands (0.7 per cent) and the US (0.6 per cent). - Source: Internet
• From 1992 to 2005, canola production expanded to most of south-west Western Australia and south-east South Australia. Cotton also expanded its distribution with higher production areas moving south. This may be a response to climatic factors such as water availability (see ABARES land use change report (p14). - Source: Internet
• Using as above an average legume and bean protein content of 22% and a yield of 1.4 tonnes per hectare, results in 0.9 Mha of land required to grow crops for export. Adding this to the 2 Mha required to grow crops for domestic consumption results in 2.9 Mha in total for extra crops required. - Source: Internet
• Comparing this 2.9 Mha with the 10s of Mha of land that could be converted from animal production to plant production, shows that there would be plenty of land available. By removing animals from agriculture more food could be produced for more people, as suggested by the BZE LUR (p154): “The sheer extent of land used to grow feed for animals suggests that there is significant capacity to reduce the footprint of our agriculture without effects on food produced for humans.” As mentioned above, the land used to grow fodder and grain crops for animal feed (about 7 Mha) is generally the same type as that required to grow food crops for humans. - Source: Internet
• For graduates, an imminent challenge will be the need to increase agricultural productivity. Already, two thirds of Australian land is dedicated to farming, and 90 percent of that land is used for cattle and sheep grazing. However, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has estimated that, to meet projected demands by 2050, global food production will need to increase by 70 percent. One approach would be to increase the amount of arable land available to Australian farmers by thinking creatively about the management of introduced species, the revitalization of low-nutrient areas, and the relative sustainability of different crops. - Source: Internet
• On 23 October 2012, the Government announced that it would implement a national foreign ownership register for agricultural land following consultations with stakeholders. A consultation paper was subsequently issued in November 2012.[66] - Source: Internet
• Figure 2. Top ten countries having the largest a) agricultural land area and b) cropland area. Average 2007-2016 - Source: Internet
• The distribution of agricultural production in Australia is largely determined by the physical environment and climate. The traditional large farm system of wheat and sheep production is spread fairly uniformly between parts of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria produce the majority of beef, and New South Wales has the largest and most numerous poultry farms. Sugarcane and large-scale vegetable production occurs almost entirely in the tropical state of Queensland, while cotton is produced in both New South Wales and Queensland. Tropical fruits, such as mangoes and bananas, are grown in parts of New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, and the Northern Territory. - Source: Internet
• The changes listed in this section are evidence that farming is responsive enough to handle a shift to a vegan agricultural system. While it is true that much semi-arid and arid zone grazing land is not suitable for plant agriculture, these areas already have a very low yield and their return to a natural state would not cause a significant reduction in food production. Other areas used in animal agriculture are suitable for cropping for human use, especially land that is currently producing fodder and animal feed. - Source: Internet
• While these changes are not as major as changing to a vegan agricultural system, they do indicate the flexibility of the Australian farming sector. As noted in the book “Pastoral Australia: Fortunes, Failures & Hard Yakka: A Historical Overview”, nostalgia for a partly imagined pastoral past and rural life has become part of a popular culture which still imagines farming to be like it was many decades ago. Modern animal farming is very different to how it was for much of Australian history. Industry functions have been mechanised, road transport has replaced droving and smaller family holdings have been amalgamated into large corporate owned operations. - Source: Internet
• Leasing land in Australia has been a proven and popular model for farmers to gain access to increased tracts of land, without having the huge capital outlay. However, leasing of farm****land in Australia is an under-utilised form of land tenure when compared with the high rates of leasing in England and Wales; and in the USA (Agrifutures, 2011). In these countries, leasing accounts for between 40 and 60 percent of farm****land (Duncan Ashby, 2016). - Source: Internet
• The BZE Land Use Report estimates that a zero carbon agricultural sector can be achieved by revegetating 115 Mha of Australia’s cleared and heavily modified agricultural land, 33 Mha in the intensive zone and 82 Mha in the extensive zone (BZE LUR p135). In making this estimate, the BZE Land Use Report assumes ruminant farmed animal numbers are reduced by only about 20% and thus still make a large contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. If instead there was a 100% reduction in farmed animal numbers, there would be a much larger reduction in emissions and thus revegetating 115 Mha would sequester much more carbon than would be emitted by the agricultural sector. The land use sector would then become a sink for emissions from other sectors, such as power generation and transport. - Source: Internet
• Another way to estimate the area of land that could be moved from animal agriculture to plant agriculture is to look at how much grazing is done on “improved pastures”, which are defined to be pastures sown with introduced species, such as grasses and legumes which have higher levels of protein and energy. Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics show that grazing on improved pastures occurs on 66 Mha of agricultural land while the Department of Agriculture data shows that grazing occurs on 71 Mha of modified pastures and 0.6 Mha on irrigated pastures. While some of this land is currently cropped on an opportunity basis when enough rain falls, other areas suitable for cropping are not currently cropped. It is difficult to estimate how much land this covers. - Source: Internet
• Much of the land in the intensive zone is multi-use, where crops such as wheat, barley, oats and rice are grown in alternation with sheep and cattle grazing. This land should continue to be used for cropping. Further research needs to be done on whether the manure from the grazing animals contributes to the fertility of the soil and how this can be handled in a stock-free farming system, such as by planting alternative crops to generate green manure. The area of multi-use land is shown as the “Wheat-Sheep Zone” in the image below taken from a paper by The Regional Institute. The area is about 35 Mha. - Source: Internet
• According to the 2019 Agricultural Land Register report, the total area of agricultural land in Australia with a level of foreign ownership has fallen from 52.6 million hectares at 30 June 2018 to 52.1 million hectares at 30 June 2019. - Source: Internet
• Three months after the First Fleet’s arrival in Australia, the newfound Sydney colony boasted seven horses, seven cattle, 29 sheep, 74 pigs, five rabbits, 18 turkeys, 29 geese, 35 ducks, and 209 fowls. This, it was thought, would be sufficient to develop agriculture in Sydney. However, it wasn’t until settlers penetrated inland, establishing farms in places like Parramatta and Blaxland, that agriculture—buoyed largely by the global demand for Merino wool—began to take off. - Source: Internet
• in a globalising world, the farm gate model of Australian agriculture may have had its day. Average and best practice in agriculture has moved to be more similar to the production systems evolving in manufacturing over the last twenty years. Public policy needs to focus on and engender the positive aspects of the evolution of the global food supply chain and prospects of new as well as evolving models of agriculture linked to agribusiness.[79] - Source: Internet
• … the Australian community remains cautious about welcoming further Chinese investment—particularly in agricultural land … This is no different to the early phases of US and Japanese investment in Australia, where community caution transformed to general acceptance over time. The difference in China‘s case, is the challenge of a larger role for SOEs and the Foreign Investment Review Process.[55] - Source: Internet
• Australia no longer “rides on the sheep’s back”. The history of farming in Australia is one of continual change responding to changes in technology, the value of commodities and the changing environment. This shows that rural landholders are capable of adapting to changes in conditions and suggests that they will also be able to adapt to a vegan agricultural system. - Source: Internet
• Since European settlement, the Australian continent has been extensively modified by animal agriculture, with livestock (mainly cattle, sheep and dairy) grazing native or modified pastures on 54% of the continent. About 3.8% of land is used to grow plant foods for humans. - Source: Internet
• Land conversion from natural ecosystems to agriculture has historically been the largest cause of greenhouse gas emissions), linked to loss of biomass and carbon in biomass above and below ground. Today, land conversion to agriculture continues to be a major driver of biodiversity loss and land degradation. Efficient land use and land management plans and strategies are needed to maximize crop productivity while minimizing the potential environmental impact due to excessive loss of habitats and overuse of natural resources such as soils and water. - Source: Internet
• It is important that these landscapes are treated as carbon stores and managed to maximise carbon sequestration and retention. Indigenous, landholder and scientific land management expertise should be applied to ensure that sequestered carbon is held long-term and risk of re-emission due to wildfire, disturbance or drought is minimised. (BZE LUR p152) - Source: Internet
• Each state and territory in Australia has well-established land registration systems and processes. Excluding Queensland, no state and territory has a record of land transactions involving foreign entities. At the national level there is no land register or title system, let alone a record of land transactions involving foreigners. - Source: Internet
• There is no comprehensive data on Australian farm land owned by specific country. However, recent media articles suggest that a number of large foreign private companies have been directly involved in buying farm land in regional New South Wales. In expressing the community concern, The Sunday Telegraph on 26 February 2012, reported that: - Source: Internet
• While the use of feedlots for cattle is not as great as in other countries, the Australian cattle lot feeding industry has expanded significantly over the past 25 years. About a quarter of Australian beef cattle are ‘finished’ in feedlots for about 50 - 120 days. In 2014-15, 2.8 million grainfed cattle (30% of all adult cattle) were slaughtered. About 30% of feed for dairy cattle comes from crops and large amounts of grain are used in southern Queensland and NSW beef feedlots (see BZE LUR p28,29). - Source: Internet
• A national foreign ownership register for agricultural land will constitute a post-acquisition recording system. It will capture actual transactions (including divestments) rather than proposed acquisitions (that may or may not proceed), giving a more accurate picture of foreign ownership of Australian agricultural land. Any registration obligations under the register will be of an administrative nature. While it will not form part of the foreign investment screening process where foreign investors need prior approval from the Government before investing in certain Australian agricultural land, over time a register will assist in informing the Government and the community about emerging investment trends.[67] - Source: Internet
• Between 1992 and 2005, there was a decrease in agricultural land area in Australia. The majority of the decrease was in the area of livestock grazing, with a reduction of 26 Mha. During the same period the area of cropping increased by 7 Mha. In Victoria, the reduction in grazing land area was 12%, with an increase in cropping area of 8%. These changes for Australia as a whole are shown in the below graph, taken from ABARES land use change report (p11). - Source: Internet
• The backbone of the Australian agricultural industry comprises some 85,681 farm businesses, 99 percent of which are Australian owned and operated. These range in size from small boutique operations for the production of exotic fruits, to massive organisations. For example, the Australian Agricultural Company is Australia’s oldest continually operating business and manages almost 600,000 head of cattle. These farms employ thousands of people in both labor-intensive positions (such as harvesting and shearing) and more professional jobs (such as administrative, business, and finance roles). - Source: Internet
• Their investments increased by 0.5 per cent, bringing Chinese interests’ total area of Australian agricultural land to 9,199,000 hectares or 2.4 per cent over the period to June 2019. - Source: Internet
• One interesting example of a change in land use in line with a vegan agricultural system is the destocking and regeneration of the rangelands at Wooleen Station in Western Australia. This land had been over-grazed for over 100 years resulting in most of the prime land being in poor or very poor condition with some of it being badly eroded and degraded to the point where it is never expected to recover. The situation at Wooleen is typical of neighbouring areas and in fact of much of the Australian rangelands. - Source: Internet
• According to the Treasury, in 2010–11 there were 83 non-resident entities operating in the sector, of which 65 were private companies, four were public and 14 were ‘other’—joint ventures. At the same time the number of Australian resident companies was 16,337 private companies (mainly family farms), 133 public companies, 82 co-operatives, seven non-profit organisations and 33 ‘other’ companies. Thus, non-residents are only a small percentage of the total number of agricultural companies in Australia.[48] - Source: Internet
• The agricultural sector, at farm-gate, contributes 3 percent to Australia’s total gross domestic product (GDP). The gross value of Australian farm production in 2009-10 was $48.7 billion. - Source: Internet
• Much of the grazing land in Australia was cleared from original forest or woodland (BZE LUR p22) and some of this land could be reforested and used for logging. Forestry currently occupies 14 Mha of land and this could probably be doubled using previous grazing and dairying land in the intensive zone. Some information on sustainable forestry can be found at Agroforestry in Australia. - Source: Internet
• Jenny is 85 and has lived on her 100 hectare single title farm for the past 40 years. She can’t run the farm on her own any more. Her son John and his family live in another house on the land. John earns his living from running the farm. The whole property is exempt from Jenny’s assets test. - Source: Internet
• [59]. F Hanson, Australia and New Zealand in the world: public opinion and foreign policy, Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2012, p. 1, accessed 25 July 2013. - Source: Internet
• [67] The Treasury, Establishing a national foreign ownership register for agricultural land, op. cit., p. 3. - Source: Internet
• Much of the land currently used for grazing animals will probably not have a valuable productive economic use if animals are removed from agriculture. This land, in the extensive zone, is not suitable for any of the more economic uses listed above. However, if it is rehabilitated and allowed to regrow, it will be valuable in other ways, with positive benefits such as - Source: Internet
• Cropland is land used for the cultivation of crops, both temporary (annuals) and permanent (perennials), and may include areas periodically left fallow or used as temporary pasture. Permanent meadows and pastures are land used for livestock grazing. They include both managed and natural pastures, as well as a range of land cover types used for rangelands, such as grassy and woody savannahs. - Source: Internet
• An accurate estimate of how much land could be moved from animal to plant agriculture is beyond current research capabilities. This is a big job and would require expert Geographic Information System (GIS) knowledge to combine many different layers of spatial data, including current GIS datasets for land use, areas of arable land and cleared land. It would take considerable effort to gather these datasets and to perform the analysis, taking into account problems with resolution, boundary mismatch and a multitude of data sources. - Source: Internet
• Bob is single and 65. He owns 30 hectares on a single title. He’s lived there all his life and runs it as a dairy farm. As long as Bob keeps working the farm to its potential, the whole property is exempt from the assets test. Any other business assets aren’t exempt, such as stock and sheds. - Source: Internet
• Regional distribution of agricultural land use is a combination of local agri-climatic edaphic – soil –conditions, and socio-economic drivers. Averaged over the decade between 2007 and 2016, the largest share of agricultural land area was in Asia, accounting for 1.6 global hectares (gha) or 34 percent, followed by the Americas (1.2 gha, or 25 percent) and Africa (1.1 gha, 24 percent), with Europe and Oceania representing each about 9-10 percent of the total. - Source: Internet
• “The tide is turning slightly as the land market needs to take a breather after the staggering growth over the past 18 months. There is also the likelihood of agricultural commodity prices and production volumes in coming years falling short of the exceptionally high or even record levels seen in 2021 and the first half of 2022.” - Source: Internet
• Leasing enables a reduction in costs per hectare as fixed costs are spread over a larger productive land area. This includes equipment, machinery and labour costs. Increasing scale enables farmers to therefore achieve greater levels of efficiency in their business, as although overheads may increase, the overall cost of production should decrease. - Source: Internet
• During the time when no farmed animals grazed, grasses were planted and infrastructure was changed to replicate the natural systems that had been lost, culminating in the Roderick River flowing clear of eroded sediment for the first time in living memory. In just four years, a red river had been turned clear by removing farmed animals from the land and restoring some of the natural systems. “Nature is bouncing back.” Please see video presentation on the regeneration at Wooleen. - Source: Internet
• This poses a challenge to Australian primary producers which demands clarity of purpose and a commitment to investment in the next few years. With the reticence of local investors to buy into the long-term story of the mining boom, foreign capital is as important today as it was in 1824 … but we also must start a debate about how to encourage more domestic investment in agriculture … Fund managers in Australia had a ridiculously short-term view of agricultural investments, but foreign companies, governments and pension funds were snapping up Australian farms and food processing assets.[77] - Source: Internet
• The policy challenge is whether the global integration of Australian agriculture will be better served by further scrutiny of foreign investment. Additionally, if this is the case, would such scrutiny be across the board and include New Zealand and American companies who have a much higher threshold for FIRB scrutiny? Already, some foreign countries — China in particular— have expressed their reservations about the regulatory discrimination in foreign investment screening in Australia.[80] - Source: Internet
• In terms of per capita availability, cropland area per capita between 2007-2016 was smallest in Asia (0.13 hectares per capita), followed by Africa (0.22 hectares per capita), the Americas and Europe (0.40 hectares per capita), and Oceania (1.21 hectares per capita). - Source: Internet
• Suspicion of foreign agricultural investment is not limited to Chinese investors alone. Farm acquisitions by Middle Eastern state-owned entities have also prompted calls for greater regulation of foreign investment.[58] In fact, there appears to be a widespread mistrust of any foreign investment in farm****land. The Lowy Institute’s 2012 poll found: - Source: Internet
• Advantages Risks/Disadvantages Lessor (landowner) no climate/production risk reliable income/cash flow opportunity for capital gain no working capital required little/no labour input required no market risk may continue living on the farm opportunity to do other things maintenance risk (soil health, weeds, infrastructure) little/no say in decision making reliant on financial viability of lessee dispute with lessee may be more difficult to sell land Lessee (tenant) viable means for business expansion without debt/land purchase economies of scale in operations reduced cost of production justifies purchase of more efficient equipment increased profitability more attractive to contractors no exposure to capital gain uncertainty of continuing access to land machinery may not be adequate to cover increased area may not gain long term benefits of investment in land productivity (e.g. weed control, soil amelioration such as liming) exposed to full production & market risk dispute with owner - Source: Internet
• Many jobs in agriculture—especially those that involve physical labour, such as fruit picking or sheep shearing—require only on-the-job training. However, if you’re looking for a role that allows you to take advantage of your tertiary education, you’ll find plenty of selective employment opportunities. For example, as farming has become more sophisticated, an increasing proportion of farmers and agricultural managers have relied on tertiary degrees in agriculture, economics, business, and related areas. - Source: Internet
• The restoration of the area began in 2005 with “a plan to de-stock Burrima and return the land to sound environmental health.” Removing the cattle allowed the native understorey plants to consolidate and reclaim the woodlands. Native grasses were also reintroduced. - Source: Internet
• Many of the community concerns can be attributed to the possibility that farms owned by the foreigners will ship their production directly to their own country and will use this leverage in time of crisis. Some people fear that this will deprive Australia’s domestic market of the product when it is needed in time of food shortages. Analysts can argue that this concern is not based on reality: under the Customs Act 1901, the government could prohibit such exports. However the concern continues, and might be directly addressed. - Source: Internet
• Part 4 of the paper looks at policy options, which could include greater transparency in the operations of regulatory institutions, such as the Foreign Investment Review Board, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and the Australian Taxation Office. It discusses the possibility of a national register of land and water assets, and of foreign ownership of them. It also reviews calls for lower thresholds for scrutiny by the Foreign Investment Review Board, and the workings of the national interest test. - Source: Internet
• Leasing therefore can be a solution that benefits both the retiring and the entering generation. As noted by Duncan Ashby, “Retiring farmers can retain the farm****land, remain in their homes, and generate an income. Planning is required for the retiring farmer to determine how this plan will develop and how much income they will require. The release of additional lease land onto the market then creates opportunities for young or new farmers to establish farm businesses or existing farmers to expand.” - Source: Internet
• Australian farmers continue to face the challenge of declining terms of trade in agriculture, yet remain internationally competitive through efficiencies and productivity growth. The growth in the farm sector had increased steadily over the30 year period from 1974-75 to 2003-04 at an average rate of 2.8 percent, consistently out-performing other sectors. In more recent times, agricultural productivity growth has slowed to 1 percent per annum, illustrating the need for an increased spend on research and development to ensure the industry can meet the food and fibre needs of the growing world population’. - Source: Internet
• Under the FATA, all proposals by foreign government entities must be submitted to the Treasurer for approval. For other foreign private entities acquiring an interest of 15 per cent or more in an Australian business or corporation that is valued above $248 million, FIRB approval is required. Foreign investors also need approval from the Treasurer if they wish to acquire an interest in an offshore company whose Australian subsidiaries or gross assets are valued above $248 million. For American and New Zealand investors, this threshold is $1,078 million in 2013.[24] - Source: Internet
• [78]. A Hamblin, ‘Policy directions for agricultural land use in Australian and other post-industrial economies’, Land Use Policy, 26, pp. 1195–1204, quoted in G Mahony, ‘Foreign acquisition of agricultural land and food security: a cautionary note on public policy’, Economic Papers, 31(4), December 2012, pp. 501–507. - Source: Internet
• Foreign countries are ‘secretly’ buying up large chunks of NSW farm****land by establishing shelf companies, trust funds, and extended settlements to avoid scrutiny. More than 800,000ha of prime and fertile land, from Moree in the north to Deniliquin in the south, is foreign owned, with Korea’s Ho Myoung Farm company the largest stakeholder with 500,000ha. According to the latest figures from PRD Nationwide Research, Korea’s investment has almost doubled in the past six months, while Switzerland ranks third with 74,448 ha of crop and livestock properties scattered throughout NSW.[14] - Source: Internet
• Increasingly, foreign investors are also playing a part in the development of Australian agriculture. Already, about 14% of Australian farm****land is foreign owned, and this is set to rise. For example, the Chinese organisation ‘New Hope Group’ has committed to investing one billion dollars in Australian agriculture by 2020. - Source: Internet

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